i don’t know if you know, but tobacco trafficking, at least before war, was a massive activity with counterfeit cigs showing up as far west as UK, and there were multiple groups involved, evidently some less cautious than others. also this article is five years old
in many flats even recently built you don’t get three-phase power, just single phase, but building divides single three-phase supply into three groups of single phase circuits like you say (do you really need 20kW in residential flat? one that doesn’t use EV charger, built in 90s-10s?) i guess it depends on country also. separate houses tend to get three phase connection where i live
floating neutral will also be a problem in american-type two-phase installation, might be even worse (more frequent) on account of large number of lightly maintained transformers used (why on gods green earth there’s few-kV medium voltage line going down every street, americans make it make sense)
Today many of switching mode power supplies accept anywhere between 100-250V
bases of pins are insulated, like in type C/E/F
you don’t have to have three phase circuit to be affected by floating neutral in three-phase substation upstream. in some places in us there are 208v interphase three-phase circuits, which give 120v phase to neutral, which is distributed as a pair of wires as single-phase circuit. this is also normal way to deliver single-phase power in europe, as it’s most efficient use of conductor. (from 400v three-phase circuits) in case more power is needed than single-phase circuit can deliver, three-phase circuit is installed
if there’s switch on device, it’s 2p1t meaning both phase and neutral are switched. if it’s permanent, non-pluggable circuit, like lightning, it’s okay if only phase is switched (neutral is connected permanently)
it’s a bad practice to design appliance in such a way to assume that neutral will have low voltage, because in case of neutral failure in three-phase circuit you can get full voltage there, and there can be a couple of volts difference (sometimes more) between neutral and ground even in normal circumstances
it’s better to cut off both live and neutral at the same time anyway, especially if there’s no standard which is which. also, as device designer you don’t know if it’ll be used on a circuit that has neutral and phase where you think it’ll go or not. (ie british appliance used on unpolarized circuit, like type F. adapters exist)
Type E/F carries 16A/230V, and nowadays there are shutters included which only allow two pins to be inserted at once, not one but not the other. There’s no standard as of which pin should be L1 and neutral anyway, nor it should matter, and fuses in british plugs are to accommodate ring circuits, which were introduced as a result of copper shortages (ie decades of tech debt)
Or you could just use thicker wires like everyone else, or drop the use of ring mains, which is the actual reason why fuses in plugs were introduced. The reason why this was done was post-WW2 copper shortage. In other countries you’ll see more likely star type circuit
I think that type A plug would be greatly improved in terms of safety and mechanically if it was put in a grounded metal shroud, in style of DIN connector https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN_connector it still would be compact, smaller than type F
UK uses type G. Type E/F plug has both contact for grounding pin like in type E and two sliding ground contacts on side like in type F. Sockets are either E or F, and i’ve mostly seen E
no, because it’ll just trip fuse, and stoves are wired directly anyway
C/E/F also have shutters, probably more types do that too
Type E and F plugs are not really a thing anymore, today it’s more common to find combined Type E/F plugs.
Fuses in british plugs are a mistake and only a requirement because of sketchy practices allowed in british electrical code immediately after WW2. Nobody else does that because nowhere else electric code is built in such a way that it is necessary. Switch seems to be mildly useful tho
no joke, he wants to live forever, he’s into cryonics and wants to test some random ass not-yet-meds on people to that end (see his anti-FDA stance and enhanced games)
llms allowed them to glide all the way to the point of failure without learning anything
Live in the forest ig. Some defect to Ukrainians, there are flyers and websites and telegram channels for that, but hard to say how many choose so
nukes, that was just paper thin disguise
couple kg went for fuel fabrication for teheran research reactor, but that’s couple tens kg out of low tons
They could just buy enriched uranium directly
they did buy enriched uranium for their only nuclear power reactors in bushehr npp from russians, and didn’t use their own enrichment facilities to make fuel for it
it’s a legit thing even if we don’t know how exactly it works
sounds like it’s not supposed to be a general use tool, but instead for counterintelligence only:
https://themunicheye.com/austrian-government-approves-malware-surveillance-23431
broad use would expose its existence and make any 0days useless in short order