It’s usually better to not look for general rules, but to instead get used to reading the ability descriptions with a focus on the key words, like traits, bonus/malus types, and saving roll types.
Edit: I made a mistake, that example does indeed just grant the bonus to the next attack only. Perhaps that rule is correct.
No, there are abilities that grant auch bonuses for longer, like this one:
https://2e.aonprd.com/Feats.aspx?ID=1978
It’s usually better to not look for general rules, but to instead get used to reading the ability descriptions with a focus on the key words, like traits, bonus/malus types, and saving roll types.
Edit: I made a mistake, that example does indeed just grant the bonus to the next attack only. Perhaps that rule is correct.